Technology of drilling machine

A drilling machine comes in many Shapes and sizes, from small hand-held power drills to bench mounted and finally floor-mounted models.Drilling machine is one of the most important machine tools in a workshop. It was designed to produce a cylindrical hole of required diameter and depth on metal workpieces. Though holes can be made by different machine tools in a shop, drilling machines are designed specifically to perform the operation of drilling and similar operations. Drilling can be done easily at a low cost in a shorter period of time in a drilling machine.They can perform operations other than drilling, such as countersinking, counterboring , reaming, and tapping large or small holes. Because the drilling machines can perform all of these operations, this article  will also cover the types of drills.

Drilling can be called as the operation of producing a cylindrical hole of required diameter and depth by removing metal by the rotating edges of a drill.The cutting tool known as drill is fitted into the spindle of the drilling machine. A mark of indentation is made at the required location with a centre punch.The rotating drill is pressed at the location and is fed into the work. The hole can be made upto a required depth.

Uses of drilling machine: A drilling machine, called a drill press, is used to cut holes into or through metal, wood, or other materials . Drilling machines use a drilling tool that has cutting edges at its point. This cutting tool is held in the drill press by a chuck or Morse taper and is rotated and fed into the work at variable speeds. Drilling machines may be used to perform other operations.They can perform countersinking,boring, counterboring, spot facing, reaming, and tapping . Drill press operators must know how to set up the work, set speed and feed and provide for coolant to get an acceptable finished product. The size or capacity of the drilling machine is usually determined by the largest piece of stock that can be center-drilled . For instance, a 15-inch drilling machine can center-drill a 30-inch-diameter piece of stock . Other ways to determine the size of the drill press are by the largest hole that can be drilled, the distance between the spindle and column, and the vertical distance between the worktable and spindle.

Drilling Machine Main Parts:

1. Base.
2. Column or Pillar.
3. Arm.
4. Worktable.
5. Drill head.
6. Feed Mechanism.
7. Spindle.
8. Drill jigs.
9. Chuck.
10. Electric Motor.
11. Pully or gears.
12. 

13. Drilling Machine Types:

    In the market there are various types of Drilling machine available, here I mention some of the popular types of drilling machines.

    1. Sensitive Drilling Machine.
    2. Vertical or Pillar.
    3. Radial Arm.
    4. Gang Type.
    5. Multi-Spindle.
    6. Numerically controlled.
    7. Special Purpose Drilling Machine.

    

14. Drilling Machine Advantages:

    Following are the various advantages of the drilling machine:

    • High speed
    • High output
    • Easy to operate
    • High flexibility
    • Low maintenance and lower cost.

    Drilling Machine Disadvantages:The use of a machine is limited.

    Drilling Machine Application:Drilling machines are generally or mainly used to originate through or blind straight cylindrical holes in solid rigid bodies and/or enlarge (coaxially) existing (pre machined) holes :

    • Of different diameter ranging from about 1 mm to 40 mm
    • Of varying length depending upon the requirement and the diameter of the drill
    • In different materials excepting very hard or very soft materials like rubber, polythene etc.
    • Boring, after drilling, for accuracy and finish or prior to reaming.
    • Making rectangular section slots by using slot drills having 3 or four flutes and 1800  cone angle.

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